An Introduction to Thermal Physics (Schroeder)

• Introduction
  • My Background
  • What This Is
  • Schroeder
  • Thermal Physics
  • Learning Physics
  • How to Get a Good Grade
  • Support Me
• 1.1 Thermal Equilibrium
  • Temperature
  • Measuring Temperature
  • Problem Solving Tips
• 1.2 The Ideal Gas
  • Problem Tips
  • Part 2
• 1.3 Equipartition of Energy
• 1.4 Heat and Work
• 1.5 Compression Work
• 1.6 Heat Capacities
• 1.7 Rates of Processes
• 2.1 Two-State Systems
• 2.2 The Einstein Model of a Solid
• 2.3 Interacting Systems
• 2.4 Large Systems
• 2.5 The Ideal Gas
  • Introduction
  • Background
  • Multiplicity of a Monatomic Ideal Gas
    • 1 Monatomic Particle
    • 2 Monatomic Particles
    • N Monatomic Particles
    • Surface Area of an N-Dimensional Hypersphere
    • Final Formula
  • Interacting Ideal Gases
  • Problem 2.27
• 2.6 Entropy
  • Introduction
  • Review
  • A General Rule
  • Einstein Solid, Again
  • Disorder
  • Composition of Entropy
  • The Second Law of Thermodynamics
  • Can Entropy Decrease?
  • Problems 2.28-2.30
  • Entropy of an Ideal Gas
  • Problems
  • Entropy of Mixing
  • Problems
  • Reversible and Irreversible Processes
  • Problems
  • Closing Quote
• 3.1 Temperature
  • Overview
  • Background
  • Temperature
  • A Silly Analogy
  • Two Einstein Solids
    • Problem 3.1
    • Problem 3.2
    • Problem 3.3
    • Problem 3.4
  • Real-World Examples
    • Problem 3.5
    • Problem 3.6
    • Problem 3.7
  • Patreon Supporters
• 3.2 Entropy and Heat
  • Overview
  • Review
  • Predicting Heat Capacity
  • How We Got Here
    • Problem 3.8
  • Measuring Entropies
    • Example
  • Absolute Entropy and S(0)
    • Problem 3.9
  • The Macroscopic View of Entropy
    • Problem 3.10
    • Problem 3.11
    • Problem 3.12
    • Problem 3.13
    • Problem 3.14
    • Problem 3.15
    • Problem 3.16
  • Patreon
• 3.3 Paramagnetism
  • Introduction
  • Review
  • Health Check
  • Paramagnetism
  • Notation
  • Numerical Solution
  • Problem 3.17
  • Problem 3.18
  • Analytic Solution
  • Electronic Dipoles
  • Nuclear Dipoles
  • Problem 3.19
  • Problem 3.20
  • Problem 3.21
  • Problem 3.22
  • Problem 3.23
  • Problem 3.24
  • Problem 3.25
  • Problem 3.26
• 3.4 Mechanical Equilibrium and Pressure
• 3.5 Diffusive Equilibrium and Chemical Potential
• 3.6 Summary and a Look Ahead
• 4.1 Heat Engines
• 4.2 Refrigerators
• 4.3 Real Heat Engines
• 4.4 Real Refrigerators
• 5.1 Free Energy as Available Work
• 5.2 Free Energy as a Force Towards Equilibrium
• 5.3 Phase Transformations of Pure Substances
• 5.4 Phase Transformations of Mixtures
• 5.5 Dilute Solutions
• 5.6 Chemical Equilibrium
• 6.1 The Boltzmann Factor
• 6.2 Average Values
• 6.3 The Equipartition Theorem
• 6.4 The Maxwell Speed Distribution
• 6.5 Partition Functions and Free Energy
• 6.6 Partition Functions for Composite Systems
• 6.7 Ideal Gas Revisited
• 7.1 The Gibbs Factor
• 7.2 Bosons and Fermions
• 7.3 Degenerate Fermi Gases
• 7.4 Blackbody Radiation
• 7.5 Debye Theory of Solids
• 7.6 Bose-Einstein Condensation
• 8.1 Weakly Interacting Gases
• 8.2 The Ising Model of a Ferromagnet
• A.1 Evidence for Wave-Particle Duality
• A.2 Wavefunctions
• A.3 Definite-Energy Wavefunctions
• A.4 Angular Momentum
• A.5 Systems of Many Particles
• A.6 Quantum Field Theory
• B.1 Gaussian Integrals
• B.2 The Gamma Function
• B.3 Stirling’s Approximations
• B.4 Area of a d-Dimensional Hypersphere
• B.5 Integrals of Quantum Statistics